Apparatus for manufacturing hollow ware.



G. C. SNYDER.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE.

G. C. SNYDER.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE.

APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2a. |917.

I Mmmm I y PaIIeIIIeII .my 2, 1918.

G. C. SNYDER.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE.

APPLICATION FILED .ULY 23.1917.

Patented. July 2,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 G. C. SNYDER.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE.

APPLICATION FILED IULY23 I9I7- l Patented July 2,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4'.

LTUIUUUI l sylt' y is Vrrrirr rpw I sEoRsE c. sRrRER, or REw roRR, E. lr., RssreRoR'ro *WILLIAM- rr. navrs, rRusrEE,

or REw r'oRR, n.y r.

Rrr'nRarUs EoR irnnnracrnrne notrow WERE.

repressai specification of Letters Patent.

intenten any a rare.;

application mainly as, i917. serial no. leales.

To all whom t may concern.'

lBe it known that l, GEORGE C.' SNrnEr, a citizen of the United States', residing at New York, inthe county of New York, State of t N ew York, have invented certain new and useful vllmprovements i'n Apparatus for Manufacturing Hollow Ware; and ll do hereby declare/the following to bea full,

clear, and exact description of the invention, such -as will 'enable others skilled in the art l to which it appertains .toma'ke and use the same. l

The present invention relates to an apparatus for use'in the manufacture of hollow l articles such as barrels, kegs, tubs and the like. While the find its widest field of -usefulness in the manufacture of containers and receptacles for all purposes, it is not limited to such classes of articles butmay be used for the production of 4tubular structures adapted. for a wide varietyl of uses, especially in the manufacturel of vfurniture and similar articles.

llt is an volbjectlof the invention to produce an apparatus by vmeans of which articles -of the .above character may be' Aproduced quickly. and -cheaply by a comparatively simple operation of winding a strip or strips of suitable material in a series of overlapping convolutions which are united to each other to form in effect an integral structure. The articles thus produced. may be treated cartons, pails,

either Aduring vthe. process of formation ory afterward with any suitable substance to render theln impervious to the action of any liquids or other materials which it is inw tended they 'shallcontain rlhe apparatus for forming the articles possesses capabilities of adjustment which permit' the articles lto 'be given a wide variety of shapes to best adapt them for their intended uses. Y ratus is of simple construction, has few 'moving parts, and may be` operated by a minimum expenditure of power.

Heretofore containers have been made by winding paper or container board intoathe shape of drums and sometimesreinforced lby hoops. Containers of this genera-l type with slight modifications have goneinto extentubesup to receptacles havinga capacityfof [between the ends. -an essential requirement for barrels deheavy loadsvthat they be `thus formed in order to invention may At the same time the appa length such as the rolls. of

sive use in sizes ranging from small mailingl Y guished from those these wound containers the correct shape of a barrel having anarch or bil e midway llt maybe lald down as signed to carry obtain the strength of the arched or bilged portion as well as :to permit of their beingv easily turned up on end, or conveniently ttl directed in their course when rolled along. lt has also heretofore been impossible to make tapered pails, tubs and similar articles out of paper or like inaterials except by a process of molding pulp when in a allowing it to harden and by treating it with appropriate substances to render the articles water-proof, or bycutting out a paper blank adapted to form' a tapered pail shell when the extremities of the blank are brought together andv fastened by rivets or in manner. The latter method results in a seam parallel lto the axis of the pail and this is objectionable as the seam may open when the pail is used. The method of the present invention is more economical and produces stronger and better looking articles than any methodsA heretofore used of which l am fit-Ware.

The present invention avoids difficulties attending the previously described methods of manufacturing hollow articles by providing a novel modeof constructing the articles and a machine by which the articles may be 'constructed in this novel vmanner at a mini# mum of expense. The invention has the further advantage that the articles'may be c constructed of a wide .variety of substances ranging from metallic strips, or mineral fibers such as asbestos, to the vcommonest forms of vegetable fiber, such as thepulp of straw or,l wood, the only requirement being that the material must be capable of being formed into ribbons or webs of great paper commonly used for newspapers,- and preferably the material,` if paper should be practically free from sizings, fillers and the finishing substances generally found in commercial papers, and which do not add strength. a The present invention should e distinprocesses for producing tubes and cylindrical containers having straight, parallel sides, as well as all the processes now in common use for making softened condition and thereafter any other ino ' waterproof and non-waterproof paper tubes by a winding operation, since these said processes depend on the introduction of the binding and water-proofing elements in a thin liquid state and under conditions which put a limit upon the speedwith which the stock may be fed to the apparatus upon which it is wound into shape. Even with the'us'e of any of. these common forms of apparatus the result is at best the productionv of articles having straight, planeparallel sides,`no bilge nor flare nor taper being possible. v

The presentinvention makes possible the use of strips of material previously coated with a suitable solidified, or dry adhesive which is moistened just prior to the winding operation. By means of this method the strips may be fed rapidly to the apparatus and the speed of production isthereby increased over those processesf` to which reference has just been made.

In the caseof many containers and pararticles in the form of bilged barrels as well as articles in the form of tapered pails may be made upon the same machine, which may be altered to produceone or the other type of article by simply putting into or taklng out of action certain knives or slitters as will appear more clearly from the description of a machine embodylng the present invention.

Such 'a machine is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whicht Figure 1 is a plan view partly in section of the entire machine;

Fig. 2 is a view principally in section along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view in section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 showing the devices for cutting the strip of paper;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view showingthe devices for pressing out and wiping ofi' the superfluous moisture when the formation. of an article has been completed;

Fig. 5 is a detailed view showing the two mandrels of the apparatus in engaging position;

Fig. 6 is a view of the mandrel in section along the line 6-6 of Fig. 5';

Fig. `7 is a view in section of the mandrels of the apparatus inthe position. which they occupy at the beginning of a windingI opera'. tion with a number oflayers of material wound thereon;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the mandrels nevosse -adaptedto produce articles in which the requirements for strength are not as great as in the yease of articles produced by the apparatus of the former figures; and

Fig- 12 is a view of an article produced upon the machine of Fi y11. I

Referring to the drawlngs, in which similar reference characters denote similar parts throughout theseveral views, 2O indicates a .pair of supports which are attached to a suitable base upon which the apparatus is mounted. 4Each of the supports is provided with a bearing'ring 21. A second pair of supports is mounted between the first mentioned supports. and each of them is also provided with bearing rings 22 having the same internal diameter as the bearing rings 21. In `the two bearing members on each side ofthe machine is placed a cylindrical mandrel 23 upon-which the desired article is wound, as will hereinafter appear. Each section of the mandrel is adapted to be rotated and also moved longitudinally within the bearings 21 and 22. Rotation is effected by means of collars 24 surroundin the mandrels betweenthe bearings 21 an 22 and -connected to the mandrels by keys 25 which t in slots 26 cut lengthwise of the mandrels and of suliicient length to per'- mit the necessary longitudinal movements of the mandrels during all possible operations ofthe apparatus.

Each of the collars 24 is formed with a gear 27 adapted to mesh with a correspondbe connected by a belt 32 to a pulley 33 of q any convenient form of starting and reversing gear 34 which shaft 35.

In order to obtain longitudinal movement of the mlandrels each one of them has atis driven from a power tached to its outerend a collar 36 having insonne ofacollar 45 keyed on the end of the shaft portion of 39 so that it may bemoved longitudinally into or 7out of engagement with clutch member 44. Clutch teeth 46 arel also' formed on the outer face of pulley 43 and these teeth are adapted to. be engaged by a clutch collar 47 keyed on that portion of the screw 39 Awhich constitutes a shaft passing through the sleeve 41. Each pulley 43 is driven by means of a belt 48 passing over a pulley 49 attached to the corresponding end of shaft 29 and having two faces of did'erent diameters; 'llhe clutches described above constitute means .whereby the shafts 39 may I articles are'to be formed are wound in rolls and for convenience and rapidity in the operation of the appar tus a number of rolls of the material m y be placed upon .a rod 50 mounted in bearings 5l adjacent the apparatus. With this arrangement after' one strip of material has been used up a second strip may be brought quickly into place. f .l

During certain periods in the operation of manufacturing some kinds of articles' the strips of material should be cut in twoprior to the winding operation. For this purpose the'material after being unwound from the supply roll, is carried over aroller 53 mount ed on the. edge ofa support 54, comprising two vertical columns connected by a shelfv 55 above which is a circular knife 56 mounted eccentrically upon one end of a lever 57 by means of which it may be depressed to cut the paper or lifted up to allow the paper. to pass freely over the lshelf under the knife. Lever 57 is operated by means of a rod 5 8 which is connected to one end of a bell crank lever 59 mounted near the base of support 54. 'lhe other arm of the bell-crank lever contains a Slot through which passes a rod 60 rovided with a nut 6l adapted to be engaged lever to actuate the rod 60. 'lhe outer end of rod 60 is connected to a crank 63'on the end of a shaft 64 passing alon the front of the machine and -near the ase thereof. Shaft 64 terminates nearvthe center of the machine and at this point is provided with. a vertical arm 65 to which is pivoted a second arm 66 carrying at its outer end a second circular knife 67. 'ln order to retain the arms 65 and 66 in line `and yet permit a cer-' tain amount of movement between' them' a spring 68 wound around the pivot pin 69 between these two arms and having its free end attached to arm 66- is provided. rlhe second knife 67 is adapted to lit bythe short arm of the bell-crank into in@ cui maaeby the tra nur@ 5e mi is added to insure that the material is prop- 1 erly slit before being wound into` the nal form.

'lheknives described` above are adapted to be actuated automaticall at certain .stages in the operation of tie apparatus.

Will

lEach mandrel section is provided with a collar 70 which, when'the mandrel reaches the proper point in its longitudinal travel, is adapted to engage a roller 7l on the end of a lever 72 pivoted at 73 .and having connected to its other end a rod 7 4. rlhis rod 74 carries a pin 75 projecting through a slot in a lever 76 pivoted to a bracket 77 lwhich s attached to the support 20. liever 76 is connected to the movable clutch member 45 and is adapted to be actuated by a rod 78 which passes to a bell crank lever 79 which may be actuated manually by a rod 8O extending to the front of themachine. The inner end ofthe lever 72 is adapted to be normally'fdrawn towardthe center of the apparatus by a spring 8l which maybe-attachedin any convenient manner to the support 20 or other fixed part of the machine.

As thus far described the elements just referred to, with the exception of the common handle 80, are similar on the two sides of 'I the apparatus, but on one side thereof the rod 74 is extended and carries'a cam 82 havin an inclined face against' whichpresses a ro er 83 on the end of rod`60. With the above arrangement the rod 60 will be actuated by the inclined face of the cam member to carry knife 67 away from the paper, and also through the bell-crank lever 59 and rod 5.8 the rst knife 56. will also be lifted out of engagement with the paper, and both of these operations Ywill occur when'the man` drel has actuated lever 72.

Since the articles are formed by .winding Awell as Fig. 6, showsmost clearly the means for' gripping the end'of the strip of material.

-strips of material upon the mandrels it ris This gripping means consists 1n edect of a .small door at the inner end of each mandrel andliavin its outer face curved to conform to the. cylindrical contour 'of themandrel. The door' is indicated by reference character 84 and it' is attached to the mandrel by a spring-hinge 85 so that-it normally voccupies the position indicated ,in 1F ig. 6. ln'order that the grip may be conveniently opened against "the edectof its ',retainingfspring a recess 86 is cut inthe outer face' of .the gripv and a hook'or any other. convenient tool-may be inserted in this recess.. v c

llt' a subsequent stage of the operation pf ist ian

' drawn olf and to yprevent this a number of pins 87 are provided. These pins are slidably mounted in bearings 88 on'lthe inside of the mandrel as shown most clearly in Fig. 6. Each pin is provided ywith an enlarged inner head between which and the bearing is nplaced a spring 89 which normally tends to raw the pin inwardly so that its point is beneath the louter surface of the mandrel.

h mandrel.

Inorder to force the points of the pins outwardly to engage the paper wound upon the outside of the mandrel a tubular actuator 4is placed within each section of the Each actuator comprises a cylindrical portion 90 of a size to fit closely within the mandrel and anextension 91 of lesser diameter and'having its outer edge curved inwardly as at 92 to act as a camsurface to cause a gradual outward movement of the pins to force their points into the material which has been wound upon the outside of'the mandrel. The tubular actuators just described` are each provided with a hub 93 to which is connected a rod 94 f mandrel :a5`

vbe extended along the inside of the mandrel extending through and out of the end of the To limitthe inward `movement of the actuators the bearing plates 88 may as shown at95 in Fig. 1. When the mandrels are in engagement as indicated in dotted lines inFig. 1 the pins 87 should be withdrawn from beneath the surface of the mandrel. The actuators for the pins should therefore occupy the position indicated in dotted lines 'in this figure with the edges 92 spaced apart from the heads of the pins. To insure that the actuators cannot be moved beyond this limiting vposition adjustable stops96 are attached to the rods 94 and cna pipe 98 is led through one of the rods 94 which is made tubular forl this purpose. This pipe is provided with apertures at its inner end by which the desired liquid may be sprayed onto the interior of the article during the process of formation.`

Just prior tothe completion of an articleupon\tle apparatus itis necessary that a for this purpose.

to cause it to cut the strip of material.

strip of material be severed and in the present apparatus a knife 100 is provided This knife is mounted between the upper ends of two rods 101, which, as shown most clearly inFig. 3, extend downwardly through the shelf 55 between the two sides of the support 54. Both ofthe rods vare surrounded for a portion of their length with spiral' springs 102 which are arranged to draw the knife downwardly To retain the knife in its upper position until the article has assumed its desired form a trigger arrangement is provided. This consists of airod 108 passing through a bracket 104 formed as a part of the support 54 and carrying at its inner end a member 105. At its outer end the rod 103 is prolvided with a fork between the prongs of which is a roller 106 and this roller is pressed against the outer surface of the article as it is being formed upon the mandrel by means of a coil-spring 107 wound about the rod 103 between the outer end of the bracket and the fork. Until the article reaches the desired size the member 105 is underneath a crossbar 108 extending between rods 101. When, however, the article is built up to the desired diameter the portion 105 is forced from underneath the crossbar 108 and the springs .102 immediately draw the knife into engagement with; the strip of material cutting 0H the latter.

Connected to the lower ends of rods 101 are bell-crank levers 110 mounted upon brackets 111 extending outwardly from the sides of the support 54. Rods 112 are connected -to the outer ends of the bell-crank levers and are bent as shown in Fig. 1 and extend through bearings 113 in the outer ends of the supports 20. Clamped on each rod is a fork 114 the prongs of which fit within clutch sleeve 47. Connected to the outer end of each rod 112 is a lever 115 pivoted at 116 on the bearing 40 and extending to a point just above the rod where it is provided with a pin which is normally pressed outward by a small spring.

l'The pin is adapted to engage a collar 117 which is adjustably attached to the rod 94. This collar is provided with an inclined cam-face 118 over which the pin on the end of the lever is adapted to ride, as the rod 94 moves outwardly during lthe longitudinal travel of the mandrel. After the pin has passed over the cam it drops behind the latter and thus furnishes a connection by means of which the rod 94 and the pin-actuating member 90 attached thereto may be drawn outwardly by movement of the lever 115 caused by the rod 112 being drawn inwardly under the influence of the spring 102 when the mechanism of knife 100 is released.

Each of the supports 22 has extending from its outer surface a number of brackets liti Marone@ l12th` These brackets have apertures adapted to receive rods 121 which may-be clamped in any position of adjustment by nuts 122.. Attached to the outer ends of these rods is la collar 123 w-hich closely surrounds the mandrel 23 and `which serves as a stop lfor the outer end of the finished article when the mandrel is. withdrawn from the interior o f the article to remove the latter from the apparatus.

A number of wipers 125 are mounted upon' a bracket 126 extending forwardlyfrom the top of the support 54,@ as shown most clearly in lFig."4. 'lhese wipers are normally pressed into engagement with the outer surface of the article as it is being formed by means of springs 127 vwhich surround the rods 128 by means of which the'wipers are carried'. The free ends of these rods are provided with adjustable stops 129 which may be retained in any `desired position by nuts 130. The stops 129 should preferably be so set that the wipers 125 will not come into engagement with the outer surface of the article until the formation ofthe latter has been practically completed, as otherwise they might i vtend to' remove the moisture which should les' be retained upon the strips of material during the winding operation. For the purpose of wetting the material preparatory to the Winding operation the jets 131 above and below the strips of material are pro-v vided.

Beneath the'fcentral portions'f the appa` ratus and in position to receive the finished articles as they are released from the machine is a trough 132 which may be led to any convenient point to which it is desired to convey the. completed articles. Fig. 1 represents the condition of the apparatus after an article such as a barrel has been formed thereon and just prior to the release of the knife- 100 to cut the strip of material. ln describing a complete cycle of operations of the apparatus it will ybe most convenient to consider the latter -in its normal condition, that is, with the two sections of the mandrel placed together as inrllhe end of the strip of material of. which the article is to be formed is drawn over roller 53, over plate 55, under the knives 56 and 100, the latter of which should at this time be irv its raised position, between the jets 131 and over the surface of the mandrel where it is retained under the grips 84 which for convenience should be brought into position 'I just above lthe knife 67. The apparatus is then ready to be started into action to' perform the winding operation. This act '1s performed by operating the reversing gear 34 to` connect the power shaft 35to the belt 1 drive'to cause the shaft 29 to rotate in the proper direction to cause rotation of the two sections of the mandrel through the forwar gears 28 and27. At thesa-me time that the mandrel is started into operation the supply of water or other liquid which is used to moisten the adhesive with which the strips of material have previously been coated is turned on and this water flowing through the jets 131,` thoroughly moistens the material before it is Wound upon themandrel. Since the material which is wound upon the .l mandrel during the initial operation of the apparatus formsthe ends or chimes of the barrel it is necessary that it be slit in twoI parts when the winding operation starts. Ordinarily the knife 56 will of itself be sucient to properly slit the material, but the knife 67, working in the same slit and against the surface of the strip as it is wound upon the mandrel, will insure that the strip is thoroughly cut. Since the manj drel sections are in engagement the springs 81 will draw the inner ends of the levers 72 toward the center of the machine s'othat the cam 82 is in position to permit the knives 56 and 67 to come into engagement with the material. rl`he free end ofthe strip of material may be drawn 'under the knife56 to (slit'lthe same before attaching it to the man# re i After the preliminary winding operation to form the chimes of the barrel has continued for a suiicient length of time to give these portions the necessary thickness clutch members 44 and 45 should be thrown into engagement to superimpose upon therotary motion of the sections of the mandrel a longitudinal movement ofeach of them to form the intermediate portions of the barrel. y. Clutch members 44 fand 45` maybe thrown into engagement by drawing the handle 80 dly to rotate the bell-crank levers 79 `3105 and swing the clutch members 45 into en gagement with the members 44 which are driven by the pulleys 43 and 49 and belt 48 from. shaft 29. Since in this condition of the apparatus the inner ends of the levers 72 are held toward the center of the machine by the springs 81 the pins 75 will be Cat'fthe outer ends of the slots in levers 7 6, so that' these levers may be swung to 'cause engagement of the clutch members without engag- M51- ing the pins 75 to disturb the positions of the rods 74 and the cam 82 which is attached to one of these rods. Rotation of the screws 39 will, through the nuts 38 on the-endsof the brackets 37, cause a gradual 429 dinal movements of-,each mandrel and thisv any number' of changes may be obtained by additional pulleys, and also that a set of gears having a changeable ratio may be used in place of the simple pulleys and lbelts illustrated. If itvbe desiredto produce an article relatively extended and without any considerable overlap of the convolutions the longitudinal speed of the mandrels must be increased with respect to their-speed of roltation. 0n the other hand if it be desired to form the inclined portion of the article with a relatively large number of closely 2o spacedconvolutions the longitudinal speed of the mandrels should be relatively small as compared with their rotary speed. By providing driving connections whereby the `ratio may be varied during the process of 25 manufacturing an article, .it is possible to vary the relative displacement of the convolutions from one end of the article to the other during the process of formation. ln lrnany cases this will be desirable asit will .30 permit an article to be formed relatively thin at one portion and thick at another portion.

` As shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 the pins 87 are at the beginning of the opera- 35 tion retracted below the outer surface of the mandrel and they occupy this position as long as the preliminary winding of thematerial is taking place. As soon, however, as the mandrels begin to move longitudi- 40 nally the ends of the pins will come intoen-A gagement'with the inclined edges 92 of the -actuators 90 which are within the mandrel. 1

A further travelI of the mandrels will cause these pins to ride up over the edges 92 and onto the cylindrical faces 91 of the actuators. When this occurs the points of the `pins will be forced outwardly into engagement with the inside of the rolls of. paper forming the chimes of the barrel. When the mandrels'have reached such' a position that this action 4occurs the ends of the bearings 88 within the mandrels will be in engagement with the ends of the actuators 90 so that the latter will thereafter partake of the motion of the mandrels and be gradually carried along with the latter, at .the same time retaining'all of the pins in engagement with the ends of the barrel, which will thus be securely retained upon the' ends of the mandrels during the separatipnV ofthe latter while the material is being spirally wound into its desired shape. v

The spiral winding operation of the material will continue until the collars on l the mandrel s ectionseorne into engagement Fig. 1 causing the rod 60 to be moved for-` wardly to remove the knife 67 from in contact with the paper and through the bell crank lever 59 and rod 58 lifting the knife 56 out of its cutting position. At the time when the above operations occur the parts of the apparatus will occupy substantially the relative positions shown in Fig. 1 and the mandrels will occupy such a position that the ends of. the article have come against Vthe stop rings 128. Although lon-v gitudinal movement of the mandrels has ceased, they are still in rotation and the effect of this latter movement will be to wind a number of convolutions about the central or bilge portion of the barrel., The material will not be cut during this winding operation since the cutters 56 and 67 are out of contact with the strip. The winding operation of the bilge portion will continue until the size of the latter has increased so that roller 106 has been forced inwardly until member 105 passes out of its normal position beneath rod 108, whereupon the latterwill drop and cause the knife 100 to cut off the strip of material. At the same time the, depression of arms 101 under the action of the springs 102 will, through the bellcrank levers 110, cause the rods 112 to be drawn inwardly, and this motion of the rods will cause clutch members 46 and 47 to be drawn into engagement to again start the screws 39 into operation. There will be an appreciable interval of time between the release of knife 100 and the final engagement of clutch members 46 and 47, and during this time the continued rotation of the mandrel sections will be suiicient to windthe free end of the strip of material onto the article, the wiper 125 which engages it, assisting in this operation.

When the mandrel sections have reached ,the outer limits of longitudinal travel, as

shown' in Fig. 1, the collars 117 on the rods 94 will have passed under the pins on the ends of levers 115 as shown most clearly in this same figure. There is thus a connection between the levers 115 and the rods 94, so that when the rods 112 are actuated by the springs 102 an outward swing of the ends of levers 115 will take place drawing the actuators 90-within the mandrels, and permitting the pins to be withdrawn from engagement with the chimes of the barrel. 0n account of the fact that clutch members 46 and 47 have been thrown into engagement the mandrels will now be given a further outward longitudinal movement, but

y inmate since the ends of the article are .in engage-` ment with the stop rings 123 the result will be that the vends of the mandrels will be withdrawn 4from the interior of the nished 5 barrel and the latter will be released and fall intothe chute 1321, by which it is conveyed away. The apparatus should then lbe restored to its initial condition for the formation of another article. To move ythe mandrels toward each other the reversing gear 34 is operated to cause a reverse rotation of the shaft 29- and this reverse rotation will, through the screws 39, cause the r mandrel sections to, travel toward each other. Before the mandrel,v sections are,

however, started into movement approachingeach other, the lever arms 115 should vbe released from engagement with the collars 117, but should be retained yin extreme 2@ position so`that the clutchmembers 46 and 47 are in'engagement to'permit the screws 39 to `be driven from the shaft 29 to restore the mandrel sections to their normal posi- '35 gage the supports 97,"at`which time the actuators will occupy the correct position with relation to the engaging mandrels.

fllhe operation of forming articles such as ,.pails or tubs upon the apparatus is sub-v 46 stantially the same as that described with reference to the barrel except that the'knives 56 and 67 are retained incontact with the v Vstrip of material throughout the entire operation,` so that instead of winding the strip 46 in uncut condition to form the bilge, as in fthe case of the barrel, the strip is slit to form the top edges of the two articles, which in this case are formed simultaneousl on the apparatus. lt is also possible to v orm one t@ article such as a pail or tub, upon the apparatus by starting the strip of material upon only one ofthe mandrels, 'movingthc latter to form the spirally wound portion of the article, and then stopping longitudinal movement of the mandrel while giving it a further rotation to form the edge of the article. lt will ordinarily be more convenient and will expedite the manufacture of articles such as pails, tubs and the like, if 36 two of `them be formedy simultaneously,

since the apparatus is capa/ble of such use.

The various steps in the operatipn of forming an article .are shown most clearly in Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive.

The first of these figures shows the mandrels in engaging posi l tion 'with a few convolutions vof material f wound thereon and the knife 67 cutting the vextra convolutions which form thek bilgev portion andwhich are shown in Fig. 9 where the knife 67 is out of contact with the material and a number of convolutions of the uncut material have been wound to form lthe bilge. rlhe finished article is shown in Fig. 10 and thel dotted lines indicate the inner contour of the article. lifthe article is a barrel, as it is in this figure, it would be necessary to apply heads thereto and for this purposedisks of wood or other suitable material having slightly tapered edges are driven into the chimes of the barrel and by their wedging action are securely held therein, but of course a suitable adhesive may be used to secure their retention within the chimes. The finished article may be painted or covered with any suitable preservative and in many cases if it is to be used as a container for liquids, it will be treated upon the inside with a suitable substance to render the material impervious to the contained li uid.

ig. 11 shows a modification of the apparatus of somewhat simpler construction and especially adapted to produce articles of the type shown in Fig. 12, which are comparatively thin and may be used as containers where great strength is not required. rll`he apparatus of Fig. 11 comprises two similar mandrels 135 mounted upon the ends of'shafts 136 which are supported in suit-l able bearings'137. The shafts are adapted to be rotated by gear wheels 138 which are splined upon the shafts so that the latter maybe moved with respect to the gear wheels to permit longitudinal movement of the mandrels. The gear wheels are driven from a belt 139 connected to any source of power. rllhe right-hand gear-wheel 13S-engages a second gear-wheel 140 on a shaft 141 "mounted in bearings 142 and at the other end of this shaft is a corresponding gear-wheel 140 which engages with the left'- hand gear-wheel 138 to cause rotation of the corresponding mandrel. rllhe shaft 141 has over a portion of its length screw-threads of opposite pitch and preferably the shaft is made up of two sections connected together by a coupling 143.'V Upon each of the threaded portions ofthe section of the shaft are travelers 144 which, attheir free ends, rest against stops 145 attached to the shafts 136 of the mandrels. As the shaft'V 141 is rotated during the winding operation the travelers 144 will be carried away from each other gradually causing the separation iet of fthetwo mandrels. -Since the mandrels are also at this time in rotation the result will -be a spiral winding of the material which will continue until the travelers 144 reach such a point that their free ends engage cam surfaces 146 mounted on any convenient supports near the mandrel shaft. The free ends ofthe travelers will ride upon the inclined cam facesthus causing the travelers to be lifted out of'engagement'with the stops 145- to prevent further longitudinal movement ofthe mandrels. 'llhe latter then may be given suiiicient additional rotary movementl to form` the central or bilge portion of thearticle. the mandrels reach their limitV of longicome in contact with'stops 147, which are in the form of xed rings surrounding the therefrom to release the article.

mandrel," and which retain the article while the mandrelsections are being withdrawn rlhe lastnamed operation is eiected by means ofna I rod 148 which is connected to a bell-crank lever 149 having at its outer end a slot 150 tting over a pin 151 projecting from the stop 145 'at the left-hand side of the maehine. the other side ofthe machine and has a slot engaging ya corresponding pin on the collar 145. rllhis second lever is pivoted at 153 and connected by means of a rod 154 with the lever 149 so that when the latter is .actuated there will be a simultaneous movement of the lever 152 with the result that the twomandrel sections are given a further separation to withdraw them from the interior of the finished article and allow the latter to be released. lln connectionwith the apparatus described above any convenient arranger-1 ment of knives for slitting the material into strips, and jets for moistening it may be used'.

ln'some cases it may be desirable to use strips of material not previously coated with an adhesive substance, and in such cases hot `or cold liquid adhesive may be applied through one or both of the jets 131, and they At the time when -tudinal movement the ends of the article A. similar lever' 152l is vprovided at lt will be understood that various changesin the details of the apparatus described above, as well as still urther modications of the invention, maybe made without departing from the principle thereof.

I claim:

1. AIn apparatus formaking hollow articles, means for kslitting a strip of material, and means for winding the strips of slitted material into the form of separate spirals with the convolutions of each spiral oppositely displaced withrelation to those of the other.

2. In apparatus for making hollow articles, means for slitting a strip of material,

and means for winding the strips of slitted material into the form of spirals with the convolutions thereof oppositely, displaced out of the normal plane of the spirals.

3. ln apparatus for making hollow articles, means lor winding spirals of material in single planes, and means for moving said winding means axially to displace successive convolutions of the spirals with respect to each other.

-. 4. Apparatus for making hollowiarticles,

comprising means for winding spirals of material in single planes, ,and means for thereafter movin said winding means to produce axial displacement of successive convolutions of the spirals.

5.` lin apparatus 'ormaking hollow articles, a pair of co-aXial mandrels having adjacent ends normally in engagement,`

means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, and means for drawing the mandrels apart during the winding opl eration.

6. lin apparatus for making hollow articles, a plurality of co-axial mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, means for slitting the material during the winding operation, and means for moving the mandrels longitudinally in opposite directions during the winding operation.

7. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising, in combination, a plurality of mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, and means for displacing the mandrels with respect to each otherin opposite directions during the winding operation to cause the material to be wound in the form of oppositely directed spirals with axially displaced convolutions.

8. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising a plurality of mandrels, means 'for rotating 'the mandrels simultaneously to wind strips oi material thereon, means for simultaneously displacing the mandrels with respect to each other in opposite directions during the winding operation to cause the material to assume the form of separate oppositely directed spirals having axially displaced convolutions.

9. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprislng a plurality of mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material ma intense `thereon,*means for-slitting material during the winding operation, means tor imparting f to the mandrels a longitudinal movement in opposite directions whereby thematerialis wound in the form of'successive axially displaced convolutions, and means Vunder the control of the mandrels. for stopping the longitudinal movement thereof whilepermitting the rotary movement to continue.

`10. Apparatus tor making lhollow articles, comprising a plurality or mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, means for slitting the material during the winding operation, means for imparting to the mandrels a longitudinal movement in opposite directions whereby the material is wound in the form oli successive axially displaced convolutions, and means under the control or the mandrels for stopping the 'longitudinal movement thereof while permitting the rotary .movement to continue and yfor rendering the slitting means ined'ective.

11. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising a pair oit mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, means for moving themandrels longitudinally in opposite directions during the winding operation, and means for retaining the material upon the ends oit the mandrels during the longitudinal movement thereof.

12.`Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising'a pair ot mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, means yfor moving the mandrels longitudinally in opposite directions during the winding operation, means for retaining the material upon the end or the mandrels during the longitudinal movement thereof, and mea-,ns for controlling the operation of the retaining meanso Y v 13. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising a mandrel, means ior rotating the mandrel to wind material thereon, means for moving the mandrel longitudinally during the winding operation, and means for altering the relation between the speed of rotationand the longitudinal speed of the mandrel.

` 1li. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising a plurality or mandrels, means for rotating the mandrels to wind material thereon, means for moving the mandrelsl longitudinally in opposite directions -during the winding operation, and means tor altering the relative rotary and longitudinal -speed or each mandrel. I I

15. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising means for slitting a band of material into a plurality of strips, means for winding the strips thus roduced in the form of adjacent iiat spira s, means orseparating these spirals whilecontinuing the winding operation to cause the strips to as@ ltainin sume the itorin of elongated spirals, and means for rendering the separating means and the slitting means inedective while pei'- 'to cause the convolutions to have spaced edges, and means for automatically stopping the operation of the second-named means to r cause the material to be wound again in the form of'convolutions having matched edges.

17. Apparatus for making hollow articles,

comprising means for winding a strip of. lmaterial to form an vinner end ring, means for thereafter causing the winding means to wind the strip of material into a body portion having successively displaced convolutions, and means for stopping the action of the second-named means to cause the material to be wound in the form of a second end ring. A f A 18. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising means for holding material previously coated with adhesive, means tor moistenin the material, means for slitting the material, means for winding the strips of slitted material and means for causing longitudinal'displacement of said winding means in opposite direction to cause the strips `oi? material to assume the form of oppositely directed spirals having axially displacedconvolutions united to each other by the adhesive.

19. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising a cylindrical member, means for rotating the member to'wind material thereon, means mounted on the cylindrical member for retaining the end ot the material in place, and means mounted within the cylindrical member for retaining the convolutions o material in place upon the end of il@ the member. f

Mld

ldd

20. Apparatus for making hollow articles,

vmember for retaining the convolutions or material in place upon the end oit the member, 'and means within the cylindrical member for controlling the operation of the remeans.

21. pparatus Jfor making hollow articles, comprising a cylindrical member, means for rotating the member to wind material thereon, means for retaining the convolutions or material in place upon the cylindrical memiia ber, and means within the cylindrical member for controlling the operation or the retaining means.,

22. Apparatus for making hollow articles,

comprism a cylindrical member, means for the article.

withdrawing the actuating means to release,

the 'retaining means.

23. Apparatus for 'making hollow articles, comprising means for winding material, means for retaining material upon the winding means during the winding operation means for controlling said retainino means,

means for cuttin oil' the material, means dependent upon t e diameter of the Wound material for actuating said cutting means and said controlling means to release the retaining means and permit the xremoval of 24,'Appara'tus for making hollow articles,

comprising means for slitting a band of material into a plurality of strips, means for winding the strips thus produced inv the form of adjacent flat spirals, means for separatmg the spirals while continuing the winding operation to cause the strips to asslitting means ineffective while permitting the winding -means to continue to wind ma- Jterial about the central portion of the article,

and means actuated when the central portion of the article reaches a predetermined diameter to causethe winding means to be Withdrawn from within the article.

i 25. Apparatus for making hollow articles, comprising knives for slitting a band of material into a plurality of strips, mandrels for Winding the strips thus produced in the form of adjacent flat spirals, means for separating the mandrels While continuing the winding operation to cause the strips to assume the form of elongated spirals, means controlled by the mandrels for rendering the separating means and the knives inefective whileJ permittin the mandrels to continue to wind materia about the central portion of the article, and means actuated when the central portion of the article reaches a predetermined diametervto cause the mandrels to be withdrawn from within the article. p

- In testimony wllereof I aiix my signature. Y v

GEORGE. o. sNYDER. 

